Developing an annual communication plan is a complex task. You need to gather information from a range of sources about organizational activities that need a communication program to make them more effective. Then you use your professional judgment to prioritize the activities, checking that they support the achievement of your organization’s corporate and business unit goals. This article equips you with nine key elements for building a top annual communication plan.
Finally, you assess which activities are feasible within available budget funding. Your annual budget generally originates in either of two ways: (1) a lump sum allocated to your function by top management (probably as a percentage increase over last year’s budget), or (2) lump sum covering the cost of your proposed annual program of activities that top management has approved.
Your annual communication plan needs to developed as part of your organization’s strategic planning process, which is explained in Part 1., “Organizational strategic planning.” Then you need to gather information from a range of sources about organizational activities that need a communication program. Nine possible sources of information are explained in section 2, “Nine top ways to develop an annual communication program.” Once you have prepared your wish list of activities, you prioritize the list to fit within the available budget. Simple? Not really, but you can learn more about the process in this article.
Strategic planning starts the ball rolling in setting the direction, and in initiating the activities of the organization. The organizational strategic plan is the sum of individual programs, projects and campaigns, so you can identify the target audience behavior/s and the measures for the outcome being sought for each. In more detail, strategic planning is used to:
Strategic planning is a disciplined activity that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning outlines where an organization is intended to go, the actions needed to make progress towards the desired destination, and also how it will know if it is successful.
A strategic plan is a document used to communicate the organization’s goals, the actions needed to achieve those goals and all of the other critical elements developed during the planning process.
Here’s the ‘big picture’ of strategic planning in organizations. Firstly, the corporate priorities are decided during corporate strategic planning sessions, and then the various business units decide how best they can support the achievement of organizational priorities. The corporate communication in turn supports both the corporate priorities as well as operational priorities.
The communication team acts both at a corporate level, and at a business unit level using communication to support the activities of the various business units. These units can be corporate like HR and marketing, as well as operational like supply and production.
An organizational vision is defined as forming a picture of a desired organizational state in the future. A number of studies have suggested that describing and providing vision is vital for leaders.
A vision statement is a description of the organization as its leaders want it to be. It involves seeing the desired future for the organization and briefly describing this vision. The description might include how things will be, where, with whom the organization will be doing business, what it will be doing and how its employees will feel. Ideally, the organization’s vision statement:
Some examples:
Once the vision is developed, the organization can compare its present position with its desired future to determine ways to close the gap between the two – often known as gap analysis.
A mission statement can then be formulated, which describes the broad practical steps to close the gap between the unsatisfactory present and the desired future for the organization, as summarized in the vision statement. Each word in the mission statement should be carefully crafted so it can be defined and measured. It is pointless to have good intentions expressed in vague words.
A mission statement is a statement of an organization’s unique purpose and the scope of its operations in product and market terms. The organization’s mission statement should be:
Different mission statements focus on different aspects. Four main types of emphasis within mission statements have been identified by research:
Some examples:
Together, the vision and mission statements show where the organization is going and how it is going to get there. If management and staff can’t clearly state the purpose of the organization and how they are going achieve it, then the organization is disadvantaged.
Some organizations may use slightly different terminology but invariably the words cover the same broad concepts.
Renowned management consultant, Peter Drucker, said organizational goals flow from the mission, and show the fundamental long-range direction of the organization. Goals are overarching and there should only be about 5 at the most.
Drucker used the example of an art museum:
Mission: To bring art and people together.
Goals
Drucker said building around mission and long-term goals is the only way to integrate short-term interests: “[Organizational] objectives are the specific and measurable levels of achievement that move the organization toward its goals.”
Examples of organizational objectives:
So, this has summarized the organizational strategic planning process. The most effective ways to develop an annual communication plan are outlined below. In a sense, this is a wish list, because you have to find out how much funding is available for your annual communication plan. Such funding comes from your own budget and from sharing costs with corporate and operational business units. You may also engage in some communication activities at no cost to your budget because you are conducting the activities on behalf of other business units who agree to pay the costs. For example, you might share the cost of:
An example of all the cost being borne by another business unit might be the cost of materials used for communicating to all affected employees about a change of head office location.
You can read my detailed article about setting communication goals and objectives as part of your planning process: “Setting goals and objectives makes your PR planning more effective.” This will be helpful for setting and measuring the achievement of your communication objectives.
In addition, my article, “Use SWOT and PESTLE analysis for communication planning,” provides useful insights into situation analysis in developing a top annual communication plan.
This will help you determine how potential communication programs may best support each factor. You consult with the heads of corporate and operational business units to find out which of their business goals and objectives would benefit most from communication support. Item 9 below could help with this.
Discuss organizational goals and the factors the managers think will determine whether the goals will be achieved or not. The key stakeholders relevant to those factors should be identified along with what the organization wants the stakeholders to do and when this needs to be done. Then you can support the business goals by identifying how communication activities can be used to reach the key stakeholders, and influence their attitudes, behavior and decisions.
To link communication goals and objectives to business goals and objectives, important questions can be asked such as:
This type of analysis may have already been conducted by management as part of the corporate strategic planning process. SWOT refers more to your organization’s internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, while PESTLE refers largely to the external environment such as political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. You should especially seek to analyze the apparent attitudes and intentions of stakeholder groups such as customers, shareholders, government regulators, etc, towards the business unit or organization – and the impact each would have. If this specific information is not available, refer to more general research about the issues and trends in your industry and the wider economy. How would these affect your plans? Should you put some initiatives on hold, or change their timing? Would you need to change your messaging intentions in view of the changing external factors? Much to think about.
You can read more about SWOT and PESTLE analysis in my article, “Use SWOT and PESTLE analysis for communication planning.” My article, “VUCA analysis for issue planning and management is a valuable tool to use,” also provides some important insights into the surrounding business environment.
You can conduct all or some of the steps in a communication audit to find out the attitudes and concerns of internal and external stakeholders. For instance, when you meet with business unit managers to discuss their priority goals and objectives, you can ask them about their biggest foreseen challenges in the year ahead. This discussion can reveal many important and often unwritten issues. Rather than trying futilely to shift communication higher up their agenda, use communication to address the issues that are already at the top of their agenda. Find out what is causing them pain, and then show how communication can solve their relevant problems.
Good questions to ask are:
In considering those issues, work back from the desired outcomes. Focus the managers on clear and measurable business outcomes such as increased cooperation between departments, identification of cost reductions, the removal of bottlenecks. All these affect performance. Problem areas could include such things as poor quality of goods and services, low customer satisfaction or retention rates, poor cross-selling or high staff turnover. Communication activities can directly improve the efficiency of these operational areas in many cases. Meet again with those managers to ensure they support any proposed communication actions relating to them that will be contained in your annual communication plan.
You should use these occasions as opportunities to learn as much as possible about the operational areas so you can gain a better understanding of the internal and external environment. Communicators are notorious for not making the effort to know the operations well, so operational managers will be impressed if they see a communicator making the effort. This makes you vulnerable to criticism from operational managers who just see corporate communication as a head office overhead while they do the hard work of earning the revenue. Your time spent getting to know operational functions will help to change their attitudes. Ask them about the marketplace, their competitors and current and future technology. Get to know the internal operating environment as well – resources, infrastructure, products and customers. Becoming familiar with these operational areas will help you in developing a top annual communication plan.
Consider the business and marketing plans in relation to the organizational mission and goals, and also in relation to divisional and business unit goals. These will be a very revealing source of the intentions, assumptions and priorities of those key areas. You can also seek to contribute to business unit planning from a communication perspective and can even offer ideas for some of the operational concepts being considered.
An exciting element for communicators in this part of planning is potential inclusion in product planning strategy and development. Product planning needs to connect product concepts with the organization’s long-term goals, and must reflect the company’s overall strategic direction. Communicators can provide input into the planning and development of products, and the consequent internal and external communication activities that would support bringing products effectively to market. For instance, proactive stakeholder relations management would be vital to initiate with organizational decision-makers (eg board members, and senior management), supply chain partners, government regulators, and funders, as well as the marketing team, key customers, and employees when appropriate (taking care to abide by commercial confidentiality requirements).
Some valuable insights into the product development process are provided in TCGen posts. This firm has helped to conceive and develop products for some of the biggest brands in the world, such as Amazon, Apple, Cisco, HP, IBM, Mozilla, Roche, and 3M. TCGen founder John Carter and TCGen Principal Jeanne Bradford helped to create the Apple New Product Process (ANPP), which is used in all product divisions. Also, Carter’s bio says he is inventor of Bose noise cancelling headphones.
Aspects of current and previous programs are likely to have been around for some time because they may be ongoing or may have been funded for the balance of the financial year. Some of those programs may still have merit.
Peers in respected communication departments in other organizations (they don’t need to be in your industry) are usually helpful if you tactfully seek their assistance. Also, details of award-winning programs in other organizations may be available publicly from industry bodies.
From your own observations over time, you will have an idea of the types of activities that would be relevant and have been effective elsewhere. When I started as the corporate affairs manager of a company, I was the sole staff member in the department at first. The person I replaced was a former journalist who had no idea of developing an annual communication strategy, so I had to rely mostly on my own experience to drive activities during my first year. If you have previous experience as a PR staff member, you can draw on what you have learned to start developing an annual communication plan.
I’ve saved the best until last! The “magic matrix” I describe here enables you to decide which business strategies you can make your highest priority to support because they are likely to be (a) the most profitable and as well as (b) the most likely to benefit from your communication support at the same time. Once you understand how the matrix works, you can apply the principle to many situations to determine which organizational activities will be the most worthwhile for investing your communication resources. What’s more, if you explain your thinking to top management, they will be hugely impressed with your sophisticated approach. Usually, matrices are used by smart thinkers, so this will reflect well on you!
Applying the magic matrix in your work is a great method to help decide which communication activities should be a priority. Here’s how it works. Firstly, you identify the business strategies that have the greatest potential to increase the company’s profitability, which you show on the horizontal axis. You can either inspect the business strategies yourself and make your own decisions about this, or you may also consult your senior managers to get their guidance.
Let’s use a hypothetical example of Beyond Supermarkets, a big grocery retailer. The business strategies used in the matrix actually comprise a real-life example from a retailer, word-for-word. As a result of its corporate strategic planning, the company decided that its four key growth strategies for the next financial year would be:
Beyond Supermarkets: key growth strategies for next financial year
Step 1
After consideration and consultation with senior managers, you believe the growth strategies can be categorized as high, medium and low potential for profitability during the next financial year. The matrix shows the potential impact of each strategy along the horizontal axis.
The numbers for the growth strategies are shown in the relevant boxes. The return on investment for capital expenditure on stores (growth strategy 3) is not going to show an immediate return. It might take a couple of years before this investment starts to pay off, so you allocate this strategy to the “Low” box. You believe growth strategies 2 and 4 will offer medium financial return in the next financial year, while growth strategy 1 is likely to offer a higher return for that period, as shown in the boxes.
Step 2
After completing Step 1, you analyze with your team the likely prospects of communication activities being able to influence the four growth strategies in the coming financial year. You agree that your communication efforts are likely to have the most impact in helping to maximize the financial return on growth strategy 1, so you put 1 in the “High” box in the vertical axis.
In a similar way, you analyze the prospects for the other growth strategies to benefit from communication activities, and put them in relevant boxes in the vertical axis. You would give a higher priority for communication support to growth strategies 2 and 4 than to growth strategy 3 because the potential financial impact of growth strategy 3 is only low for the next financial year.
Once you get the hang of the magic matrix, you will be able to use it for decision-making in many different situations. For instance, as some non-financial goals of the organization could have a high impact on its ability to operate, a similar matrix to the above could be prepared on the basis of the potential political, environmental or social impact of its operations and the potential for communication programs to have an impact on those goals.
A similar matrix could be developed for government organizations based on, say, the potential impact of efficiencies (or effectiveness) and the potential for communication programs to have an impact on those efficiencies (or effectiveness). This is a powerful way to develop a top annual communication plan.
Annual Communication Plans
By Silvia Arto, Vice President of the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management, Chair of the European Regional
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